Political economy of climate change
E-Class
Political economy n de w3da te'ere de la sodooto ti ita ti political economy ti'isa we'esa social la political eera ti tu zamese nimoore yele sia n lem puti'ira _dikere la w3da teere.
Political economy ita tii potitics n de w3da teere eeri ti ba magese la saga woo zabere ekemesego seem n zaare political tuuma Kalam seem n woni la tingogo wa zaa tugere.[1] " technologies la mahaniba eeri sɔa ti ba mitigating la sakerɛ ti wɛda teera "economists teeri sadoo n boi wɛda teeri sadoo seko ti tu ta'am gu'urɛ la.teere sɔa pa'ala ita wɛda teere tigeri tuuma la nɛri woo tuumvɔɔsi.wana zuo, Cammack (yuum kɔmbesiyi la ba yupoi)loe daaŋɔ bayi dikɛ ta paɛ nyɛla zo'e zo'e la n gaŋɛ ti ba tɔge ba tɔgum.pa'ala ba welesego n boi sɛla ti ba yele la maligo wɛda teere n ze'ele yima yima pa'alego .la ka tari" policies " n boi wɛda teere tɔgum puan bɔba " local tɛɛriga. Weesa,la yele n boi wɛda teere yela tu tara daaŋɔ, bama n wana "elite- lɔgerɔ guurɛ lɔgerɔ " constraints " tinkara la zɛberɛ da'arɛ nyurɔ n ze'ele bala constraints " se'em tari daarɛ woo n ka zo'e pakɛ daaŋɔ ti tu ti'isa malego .ba ta baŋɛ daaŋɔ la pa'alɛ yeti ti bɔkere la "political economy" n de wɛda teeren de nimoorɛ ti tu pu'usɛ laDe la de se'em n ŋwana, la " unequal pua la suŋerɛ n boi wɛda teere la nyuurɔ "inequality" la ka nari se'emDe la de se'em n ŋwana, la " unequal pua la suŋerɛ n boi wɛda teere la nyuurɔ " inequality " la ka nari se'em tareduma sɛba n lagum lagesa fii la daaŋɔ la paɛ wɛda teere la malego zamesego, se'em n bɔ zekɛ tigesego duma zo'e zo'e la policies sɛla tari tɔgum la wɛda teere dee suŋera malego Amaa putɛkɛkɔ n iŋɛ n boi tinpaberɛ maseŋɔ n pakɛ la yele la n wɛda teere.[2][3] Ba yeti "theory duma zo'e zo'e ŋwɛe nɔkɛne ,yelrmɛrɛ duma- lagese la implementation" yakere wɛda teere la malego ti'isi zo'e political " la "linear policy" bisɛ . N boi gulesego wa puan, Atanner la Allouche(2011) bisɛ tii wɛda teere dɛna yele baŋɛ tii political economy " ba puan bisɛ la basego ti ba iŋa buyela n boi nimoore "efficiency la buyila tareduma sɛba n lagum lagesa fii la daaŋɔ la paɛ wɛda teere la malego zamesego, se'em n bɔ zekɛ tigesego duma zo'e zo'e la policies sɛla tari tɔgum la wɛda teere dee suŋera malego Amaa putɛkɛkɔ n iŋɛ n boi tinpaberɛ maseŋɔ n pakɛ la yele la n wɛda teere. Ba yeti "theory duma zo'e zo'e ŋwɛe nɔkɛne ,yelrmɛrɛ duma- lagese la implementation" yakere wɛda teere la malego ti'isi zo'e political la "linear policy" bisɛ."typically" bu makerɛ la zamesego la "political" maseŋɔ doose la zi'an " economic tɔgum maseŋɔ la iŋɛ ya.la wɛda teere bɔŋa, Atanner la Alloucher.pa'alɛ "political economy" de la sɔdoo n se'em puti'ira, paŋa la lɔgerɔ n " conceptualized " lagum iŋɛ la lɔgerɔ n yima yima tigers n boi tɔka tɔka maaka ,Dee "there tari lagum substantial zaleŋa la " political economy " bɔŋa pa'alɛ, se'em pa'alɛ la political kɔŋere, la zi'a zi'irego " efficiently la nimoore guum la tiŋa ,sadotɔ dolega la se'ere yele tii wɛda teere tari la "political economy" dorerɛ n wɔni" limited "
Nanawa gulesego"Nanawa context" la kalum boti la political economy " naaŋɔ la wɛda teere la ba boti kaalam ti by sakɛ de bɔkɛ la political economy " la wɛda teere doli la yeleyinɛ naaŋɔ daaŋɔ.
Daaŋɔ la de la:
La yakɛnɛ- sectoral aŋå la wɛda teere tugum nari tii naɛ la zi'e zo'e zo'e .sɛla pa'alɛ tii la lagum wɛda teere nari tii sɛba aŋå zi'a we'eri la kalum kalum de la "consequently",dɛna wa nya ta basɛ la zue ka'alɛ la yele la daaŋɔ nari tii la sɔ'ɔsɛ ze'ele zo'e zo'e makɛ la yɛla zo'e aŋã pa'asɛ la " complex gua la sɔsega n de ba na " facet tɔ'ɔle la political muã la zo'e zo'e la na'ara " conceptualizations lagum la gua yele sɛla n nare la bɔkerɛ la political economy " kekirɛ.Daaŋɔ puti'ire la wɛda teere katoi tinpaberɛ la zaa daaŋɔ: wɛda teere "initiatives" la gua paɛ tara lebege tii la zaɛ ze'ele tinpaberɛ la za'a makerɛ.dee ti maligo zi'a woo sakerɛ dee nyɛ nentɔlum makerɛ n de tinpaberɛ zaa " political " tuuma.dee zi'a woo tɔle wɛda teere gua yele bii ka ta'am bɔ'ɔ za'a"flexibility "zi'a woo bii dage zi'a woo aŋå. Bala pɔrum ze'ele la maligo puti'irɛ pilegere, la yele buyila la tinpaberɛ tiŋa la zaa yelemerɛ wam eera la yelemerɛ" regime" puan se'em la iŋe wɛda teere la nɔŋɔ wan ta'am gu'u" simultaneously " gulesego wa puan, wɛda teere dage tinpaberɛ zaa daaŋɔ n boti la a neŋa la zi'a woo politics " dee me tara daaŋɔ bɔ zi'a woo la zi'asi woo gormener duma .la bɔkerɛ la political economy " la wɛda teere wan ta'am pa'alɛ la "formulation" la leresego n dee tinpaberɛ " iniatives la yeleyinɛ zi'a woo la zi'asi ba sɛba policy gulesego, se'em bo'ore nimoore puti'ire ti pɔsɛ wɛda teere n nyɛ tiŋa wa yelemerɛ.La zɔ'ere de wɛda teere bɔnɔ : nanawa yuuma wa nya nyɛ ligeri la teere la suŋera mechanisms" la wɛda teere "arena" .la united nations " wɛda teere ze'erego n boi Cancun, maxico" sirum sakɛ ligi sɛbo tari teere tiisi ti ba teera dɔnya suŋerɛ la teere "mitigation" tinteere. ŋwana fii,sɛla n iti kalam pɔsɛsa ligeri wa "te'ere dɔla sua zo'e zo'e pa'asɛ " bilateral la multilateral official " teere suŋerɛ, tinpaberɛ wa zamesego la UNFCCC. Bala pɔrum a zɔ'ere zo'e zo'e tiŋa wa za'a suŋerɛ bɔ'ɔre katɛ " incentive ti tu pɔsɛ wɛda teere la a tɔle la tinsɛba n tɔle neŋa tinsi .magese woo,matɔka zamesego n de wɛda bisega moore ti ba ma'alɛ "an integrated la makɛ pɔsega wɛda teere tɔ'ere ba sɛba ligeri boi tiŋa tinsi la maseŋɔ la beere ligeri bɔa.le pa'asɛ ,wɛda teere suŋerɛ la tinteere tinsi wa ta'am wɛn teere la buuri aid mechanisms" dɔla la teeseŋɔ yima yima dee dɛna buyila dee ita tuuna buyila teera dee teera tiisi.Doose la equity la wɛda yelemerɛ ,wɛda teere suŋerɛ dɔle la pa'asɛ wee're la tinpaberɛ teere dɔla la "culpability tari daaŋɔ ,la yuurɔ .la inevitable" la teere gua pɔsega dee tin sia n tee welese la buuri donor-tɔ'ere bɔ'ɔse.dɔla la gulesegɔ la bɔkerɛ la "political economy" maseŋɔ ligeri nyɛa la wɛda teere "arena wa dɛna nimoore kaŋɛ kaŋɛ bisega la bunɔ tɔ'ere de pɔsɛ wɛda teere..Doose la pa'asego yima yima tinpaberɛ wa za'a lebese tii wɛda teere: nanawa ,bala la tu puti'ira la "science nya ka mi policy za'ɛ ," policy "zo'e zo'e pa'asego ti " science " tuuma la wɛda teere "arena" tari mo'ɛ mini tihisa eera " standardized " gu'ura dee masena sɔdotɔ,"linear pa'asego, yelemerɛ ta'am teera"technology ",economic bum suuma la science la technology" n wan ta'am yaŋɛ tu tari sɛla nyɛta tu boti sɛla tiŋasuka ,ŋwana zuo ba dikɛ ba nimoorɛ wɛɛsa technology"tari la pa'asego dɔla ti ba bisera wɛda teere la " political"aŋa.dee ŋwana me zi'asi yima yima pa'asegɔ tinpaberɛ wa tara tii wɔka "divergence" la puti'ira la wɛda teere maalegɔ ,se'em me tari paŋa zo'e la yele maalegɔ la sakerɛ la wɛda teere.paalɛ dee yele tari "political economy" maseŋɔ bu'a la suŋerɛ ti tu maalɛ dee bɔkɛ tii, nimoorɛ politic la susega - maalegɔ sɔdotɔ sia ti tu tara pɔsa wɛda teere,sɛla paŋa n boi mediating mo'o toe tɔle bunɔ la contextual "Unintended" wurɛ nyɛa la to'ere policies " la n kɔŋe ti ba maalɛ tiŋa wa zuo bɔnɔ " trade- offt to'ere suŋa la wɛda teere boti welegere "competing bɔnɔ ,social, la political bu'a.ti San ta kɔŋe bala welesego,sa'aŋɔ wa lebege wuŋerɛ ka ta'am suŋe tu to'e " initiative " magese woo,mo'ora ti ba gu'u "coral reefs" n boi Tanzania perege tinkenduma ti ba vurege tɔle "traditional" zim nyɔgereba tuuma sɛla bɔ',ɔri zo'e greenhouse "gas emissions. aŋa ti la suŋɛ la toe technology "Economy " tuunɛ la bɔkerɛ n pɔsere la wɛda teere me pɔ nyɛ la yele la zuo n boi la yia puansum "socio - political constraints".La daaŋɔ la saaŋɔ yele :
Saaŋɔ yele de la nɔŋɔ tuuma ,zeberɛ la zebe sia n tɔle yeti - ba de la ba kɔŋe ba yeti ba iŋe se'em suŋe wɛda teere kalam kalamLa yele la paŋa la "social yelemerɛ tari saaŋɔ bɔ'ɔra wɛda teere puan, de ba San tara nimoore ti ba yɔ'ɔ la kɔŋere de sa'am se'em. Ti tu San baŋɛ saaŋɔ n sa'am zi'ansi, la economy" walem wam suŋɛ la bɔkerɛ la zele yue aaŋa boi tu wan ta'am iŋɛ la ba lebe sina,doose se'em la saaŋɔ n tɔle la tɔregɔ aaŋa,gormeti - yia la zeberɛ wa sɔna " addressed " la gulesegɔ la wɛda teere. Ka mina gua : ka mi itigɔ zo'e zo'e zi'an puti'ire-itigɔ n boi la pua la itigɔ la gomerti lɔgerɔ n za'ere a kami n boi n sɔnmeŋa n keŋere iiya gana gomerti yire bɔŋa n dɔle yelemerɛ la sadoto.
N sɔinmeŋa gomerti aŋa n bu'e la yia zi'a woo yele aaŋa n gu'e la "political" sadoo la aaŋa n zeele iti suŋa la n gu'ere sakere suŋa wɛɛsa wɛda teere. Bala zuo, yia puasim la inkegeren n de nimoore ti tu to'e ba le paalɛ.la pakerɛ maŋerɛ welese bɔ'ɔri "insight" bɔ buurɛ "social" aaŋa la sadotɔ sɛba ti tu moora wɛda teere nimoore "initiative"La saaŋɔ n boi "social teere: zo'ere teere la tin sia n ka zo'e de la wuŋerɛ fii sɛla n sɔi la saaŋɔ sia n yue to'ere saaŋɔ ,le pasɛ la ti zi'ansi ka ta'am tuuma suŋa ti la suŋe ansuŋa ,la ti n ka tari puti'ire la social" ingenuity " ve'ɛra fumiŋa la zagesego la lebe maala la teere.dikɛ wɛɛsa wɛda teere wa, daaŋɔ wa de la se'em n gu'ure nen tɔlem la wɛda teere sɛla.dikɛ political economy " bisɛ la tin sia n ka zo'e wa suŋe ti tu bɔkɛ de na'am inkeŋere ti la suŋe teereduma la malegɔ ,se'em n de ɛberɛ bɔ la ti bɔti sɛla ti tu pa'ase wɛda teere to'ere sɛlaViisegɔ dosegɔ la paɛ Brandt la svendsen yese "political economy" nu'ɔ tuunɛ se'em n doose la political "suŋerɛ tuunɛ Hillman maalɛ ba doose bota lɔkɔ ti ba yaŋe wɛda teere n boi European Union policy" ti ba paasɛ Kyoto yua tameda bɔŋa : political economy " nu'ɔ tuunɛ, la wɛda teere policy "masenɛ sɛka n tari paŋa la niŋaduma tigere la tiŋa la za'a tigeri .bisɛ la yima bu'a yima yima tigere ,ditiba tigeri la zi'ansi tigere ,la pa'asi paalɛ la nimoore tugum n boi ba puti'ire la lɔge sɛkɔ la UN wɛda teere" policy, magese woo ba tee zeele la dɛlemadɛtɔ toosego sɔyaaba permit system ".
Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ
demese- ↑ (2004) "Distributional Aspects of Climate Change Impacts". Global Environmental Change 14 (3): 259–72. DOI:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.04.007.
- ↑ IEA, UNDP and UNIDO (2010) Energy Poverty: How to Make Modern Energy Access Universal?, special early excerpt of the World Energy Outlook 2010 for the UN General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, Paris: OECD/IEA.
- ↑ Nabuurs, G.J., Masera, O., Andrasko, K., Benitez-Ponce, P., Boer, R., Dutschke, M., Elsiddig, E., Ford-Robertson, J., Frumhoff, P., Karjalainen, T., Krankina, O., Kurz, W.A., Matsumoto, M., Oyhantcabal, W., Ravindranath, N.H., Sanz Sanchez, M.J. and Zhang, X. (2007) ‘Forestry’, in: Mitigation of Climate Change, Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press